منابع مشابه
Second Messengers.
Second messengers are small molecules and ions that relay signals received by cell-surface receptors to effector proteins. They include a wide variety of chemical species and have diverse properties that allow them to signal within membranes (e.g., hydrophobic molecules such as lipids and lipid derivatives), within the cytosol (e.g., polar molecules such as nucleotides and ions), or between the...
متن کاملLipids as hormones and second messengers
Some lipids act as hormones to induce responses in target tissues whereas others influence the behavior of cell-surface receptors and/or serve as second messengers; i.e. they are formed as part of the cellular response to extracellular agonists, and directly affect protein kinases, ion channels and other systems that govern cell behavior. Our understanding of these functions on a structural lev...
متن کاملInositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol as second messengers.
Hormones and neurotransmitters that use calcium as a second messenger specifically hydrolyse membrane phosphoinositides. This perturbation of membrane phospholipids may represent a fundamental transducing mechanism that initiates a signal cascade resulting in the mobilization of calcium, the activation of protein kinase C, the release of arachidonic acid (for the synthesis of prostaglandins, th...
متن کاملSome Metabolites Act as Second Messengers in Yeast Chronological Aging
The concentrations of some key metabolic intermediates play essential roles in regulating the longevity of the chronologically aging yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These key metabolites are detected by certain ligand-specific protein sensors that respond to concentration changes of the key metabolites by altering the efficiencies of longevity-defining cellular processes. The concentrations of ...
متن کاملCompartmentalization of second messengers in neurons: a mathematical analysis.
Recent experiments in hippocampal neurons have demonstrated the existence of compartments with elevated levels of second messenger molecules such as cyclic AMP. This compartmentalization is believed to be necessary to ensure downstream signaling specificity. Here we use analytical and numerical techniques to investigate the diffusion of a second messenger in the soma and in the dendrite of a ne...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1987
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/330320a0